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Shallow water wells are suitable for properties where an accessible aquifer can supply the required flow. Depths commonly range from 10 to 30–35 metres, and work can often be completed within a few days, depending on the ground and access.

Manual drilling equipment reduces transport and installation costs. Before choosing a shallow well, discuss the land and water requirements with a drilling specialist to establish whether the local conditions can support it. Drinking-water use requires water-quality testing.

A household or business with a higher water demand may benefit from a well around 25–35 metres deep, where local aquifers allow it. Casing and sealing are planned to isolate unsuitable shallow layers and reach the selected water-bearing layer.

Our pumping tests establish the actual flow and help select an appropriate operating rate and pump. The depth alone does not establish drinking-water quality; laboratory testing is required before using the water for consumption.

Major infrastructure and structures carrying heavy loads may require deep foundations using bored piles or micropiles. These elements anchor the foundation below the surface and transfer the structure's loads into the ground.

End-bearing piles transfer loads mainly through their tip into an appropriate bearing layer. Friction piles transfer much of the axial load through friction along their sides. The ground investigation and structural design determine the appropriate pile type and dimensions.

Deepening and extension can improve the flow of an existing well while retaining its borehole. The bottom is opened and drilling continues with a smaller bit suited to the available diameter.

If the work reaches a more productive aquifer, flow can increase considerably and may sometimes double. We recommend a hydrogeological assessment before work to evaluate the target depth and feasibility, followed by a pumping test to check the result.

Drainage wells are considered where poor infiltration causes standing water after rainfall, particularly on clay-rich ground. Projects may involve depths around 10–30 metres, but the depth and receiving layer must be chosen after assessing the property.

Suitable design considers soil permeability, groundwater and how water can safely infiltrate. The work must follow the project requirements and necessary approvals, without allowing untreated surface water to contaminate a drinking-water source.